Plant Tissue Material
Plants are composed of cells which will then form a network. Network is a group of cells that have the same structure and function and are bound by inter-cell material to form a single unit. Early formation of plants begins from the meristem tissue. the meristem network will be specialized into different groups called simple networks.
This simple network consists of cells that have the same structure as parenchyma, kolenkim and sclerenkim. This meristem network will then be active in mitotic division. The ability of the tissues to bermitosis continuously causes new cells to continue to grow so that cells undergo changes in cell properties and experience differentiation.
In addition, as a result of this cell division will also form a variety of complex tissues that do not have the inability to divide again or become tissue that is not meristematic.
Understanding Plant Networks According to Experts
Plant tissue is a network composed of cells that have different titopotential abilities than animal tissue, plant tissue is a network that has the ability if these plant organisms can reproduce themselves negatively in the body's ability to grow composed of cells (Nurhayati, 2012, p.6).
The basic tissue system synthesizes organic compounds that support the plant and provide storage for these plants, some kolenkim and sclerenkim cells (Avivi, 2004, p.27).
Plant tissue is a collection of plant cells that have the same shape, origin, function and structure. Plant tissue consists of young (meristem) and adult tissue (Soerdikoesomo, 2007, p.177).
Structure and Function of Plant Networks
Plants are grouped in 6 types, including the following:
1. Plant Meristem (Embryonic) Networks
Understanding Meristem Network - Meristem tissue is a young network of a group of actively dividing plant cells. Meristem cells will produce new cells that part of the result of division will remain in the meristem, this is referred to as the initial cell or initials. While from new cells, they are replaced by meristem cells called derivatives.
Meristem Network Characteristics
Small cell size
Consists of young cells in the phase of division and growth
Thin-walled cells
Has a relatively large nucleus
Small vacuoles
Many contain cytoplasm
The cell is cube shaped
Types of Meristem Networks
Meristem networks are grouped into several types as follows;
Meristem Networks Based on Position in Plants
Apical meristem: located at the tip of the main apex and lateral shoots and root tips
Intercalar meristem: exists between adult tissues, for example in meristem base of plant segments of grass tribes
Lateral meristem: located parallel to the surface of the organ found, for example in cambium and cork cambium (phelogen).
Types of Meristem Networks Based on Their Origin
Primary meristem: when cells develop directly from embryonic cells (apical meristems)
Secondary meristem: when the cells develop and mature tissues that have undergone differentiation. For example cambium and cork cambium (phelogen).
2. Adult (Permanent) Plant tissue
Adult meristem network is a network that has undergone differentiation. This network no longer experiences division or is not active.
Characteristics of Adult (Permanent) Network
Not actively dividing
Larger than meristem network
Having a large vacuole, so it has a small cell plasma and is a membrane attached to the cell wall
Between the cells has intercellular space
Cells have experienced wall thickening according to their function
Various Types of Adult Tissues (Permanent)
Adult networks can consist of several kinds which are distinguished based on their form and function. The types of adult (permanent) tissue are as follows:
a. Epidermis Tissue (Protector)
Epidermal tissue is the outermost layer in each organ of the plant such as roots, stems, leaves, fruit, flowers, seeds). The epidermis tissue functions as a protective covering all plant organs. Epidermal tissue originates from the protoderm. After being old it can still be present or damaged, and if it is damaged then the epidermal tissue will be replaced by cork. Generally the epidermal layer consists of only a few layers, but there are also more with a variety of shapes and sizes.
Epidermal tissue characteristics
Has a tight cell arrangement without space between cells
Consisting of living cells
Cell walls vary depending on the position and type of plant
Has a live protoplasm that contains salt crystals, gum, silicate crystals, and oil.
Has a large vacuole that can contain anthocyanin
Does not chloroplast, except in the cell cover, the hydrofit, and plants under the shade
Modified by forming epidermal tissue derivatives such as stomata, vilaments, trichomata (hairs), grit cells (silica cells), spines (spines), fan cells.
The function of the epidermis tissue
Aside from being a protective function, epidermal tissue also has other functions. The various functions of the epidermis are as follows ...
Limit evaporation
Water absorption and storage
Mechanical backers
b. Parenchyma Network (Basic)
Parenkin tissue (basic) is the tissue found in all plant organs. Parenchymal tissue is formed from living cells with diverse morphological and siological structures. Can be called a basic network because it has a role as a constituent of most tissues in the roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds.
Characteristics of Parenchymal Networks (Basic)
Consisting of cells that are large and thin-walled
Has a hexagon cell shape
The location of the cell nucleus near the cell base
Has many vacuoles
Can be embryonal and meristematic
Has intercellular space