Characteristics of Plant Cells
Plant cells have special parts that distinguish them from animal cells or other eukaryotic cells. Here are organelles that are only found in plant cells:
A large vacuole whose volume is filled with water and is covered by a membrane called a tonoplast. The function of the tonoplast is to maintain turgor cells, control the movement of molecules between the cytosol and plant sap, store useful substances, and digest waste of proteins and organelles.
A cell wall consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and some containing lignin. Produced by protoplasts outside the cell membrane. This is in contrast to fungal cell walls made of chitin and bacteria made from peptidoglycan.
A special communication path between cells known as plasmodesmata in the form of pores in the cell wall that connects plasmalema in cell one to the endoplasmic reticulum in another cell.
Plastids consisting of chloroplast, chromoplast, and leukoplast. Chloroplast contains chlorophyll which is useful for absorbing sunlight and allows plants to make their own food in a process known as photosynthesis. Chromoplast to synthesize and store pigments. Leukoplas is the colorless part of plastide and is useful for storing food reserves.
Cell division is done by forming phragmoplas as the basis.
Moss and pteridophyta, cyclic, and ginkgo male sex cells have flagella similar to cells in animals. However, in more complex plants (such as gymnosperms and flowering plants) there are no flagella and centrioles that are usually present in animal cells.
Parts and Function of Plant Cells
Image-Plant-Plant-Along With-Information
1. Nucleus (cell nucleus)
Nucleus
Nucleus (cell nucleus) is a cell organelle that is very unique and important, as the main place for cells to store chromosomes (genetic components) of certain cells. The nucleus has the function of coordinating metabolic processes, for example cell division, cell growth, and protein synthesis. The nucleus and its contents are called nucleoplasm.
2. Plastide (chloropas)
Chloropas plastids
Plastide (chloropas) is a collective term for organelles that functions to carry pigments. Chloroplast has a very prominent form of plastide which contains green chlorophyll pigment.
Because there are plastids (chloropas) containing green chlorophyll, plants are able to undergo photosynthesis well in the presence of water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide for the synthesis of food itself.
3. Ribosomes
Ribosome
Ribosomes are small cell organelles in the form of nucleoprotein granules. Ribosomes are composed of large subunits and small subunits, containing ribosomal RNA and RNAr and proteins in them.
Ribosomes are divided into 2 types which are present in the cytoplasm, namely the bound ribosome and the free ribosome. The main function of the ribosome is to produce and synthesize protein substances present in cells. To understand more about ribosomes, please read the structure and function of ribosomes (cell organelles).
4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are large, round rod-shaped organelles present in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Mitochondria are useful in breaking down complex carbohydrates and sugars that are utilized.
Mitochondria contain certain enzymes that are useful and important as energy supplies to plant cells. Mitochondria have a function as a place of respiration in the formation of ATP as a source of energy. Mitochondria are also known as cell power plants.
5. Golgi body (golgi apparatus)
Golgi Agency
The golgi body (golgi apparatus) consists of a collection of flattened vesicles which have the shape of a sisternae (winding) or in the form of a flat bag. Golgi bodies which are located in plant cells are called dichosomes, mostly found near cell membranes.
The main function of the Golgi body is to lift chemicals in and out of cells, after the RE (Endoplasmic Reticulum) synthesizes proteins and fats. The Golgi body changed and prepared it to export out of the cell.
6. Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum is a connecting organel between the nucleus (nucleus) with the cytoplasm in plant cells. Basically it is an interconnected network, RE has convoluted pockets. There are 2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum, namely Rough RE and RE Fine.
The structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum can only be seen with an electron microscope. The function of the endoplasmic reticulum is as a synthetic carrier of fats and steroids, a place to store phospholipids, steroids, glycolipids, carry out detoxification of drugs and poisons.
7. vacuoles
Vacuoles
The vacuole is a membrane, as a storage area that helps in regulating tugor pressure from plant cells. More than one vacuole is found in plant cells. But vacuoles take up more space than others, which store a variety of chemical compounds. The vacuole also functions as a product of waste products and digestion of complex molecular instruments.
8. Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes of Micro Bodies
Peroxisomes are cytoplasmic organelles of plant cells that contain certain oxidative enzymes. The enzyme is used in the breakdown of fatty acid metabolism into simple sugars. The function of peroxisomes is to break down fatty acids into sugars and help chloropas in the photorespiration process.