Characteristics of Parenchymal Networks (Basic)
Consisting of cells that are large and thin-walled
Has a hexagon cell shape
The location of the cell nucleus near the cell base
Has many vacuoles
Can be embryonal and meristematic
Has intercellular space
Function of Parenchyma Networks (Basic)
As a storage place for food reserves
Where photosynthesis takes place
As a supporting network
Various Types of Parenchymal Networks (Basic)
Parenchyma networks (basic) are grouped into two types, as follows:
Parenchyma Network Based on Function
Assimilation parenchyma (chlorenchyma): contains chlorophyll and functions for photosynthesis.
Water parenchyma: tissue contained in xerophyte or epiphytic plants as a hoarder / store of water to get through the dry season.
Hoarding parenchyma: A network that functions as a storage area for food reserves. This tissue is commonly found in roots, fruits, tubers, and stems. These foods can be in the form of solids, flour, fat, protein, sugar.
Air parenchyma (Aerenchymes): tissue that has intercellular space that functions in floating plants in water, this can be found on the leaf stalks of Canna sp.
Carrier parenchyma: The network that functions as a transport vessel both food and water.
Various Types of Parenchyma Networks Based on Their Form
Palisade parenchyma: the constituent of mesophyll in leaves. This tissue is found in seeds in the form of long, upright cells, which contain a lot of chloroplasts.
Spongy parenchyma: a constituent tissue of leaf size mesophyll and there is wide intercellular space.
Star parenchyma: tissue that can be found on Canna Sp. with a star-like shape that continues at the edges.
Parenchyma fold: tissue that can be found in mesiophils of pine leaves and rice. An inward fold occurs in the cell wall and contains a lot of chloroplasts.
3. Plant Supporting (Mechanical) Networks
Support network / reinforcement is a network that gives strength to plants so they can stand upright. Network supporting (reinforcing) plants are divided based on the nature and shape, among others, as follows.
a. Kolenkim Network
Kolenkim tissue is a network of support or reinforcement in young plant organs and herbaceous plants. Kolenkim is a living cell that is similar to parenchyma. There are cells that contain chloroplasts and play a role in the photosynthetic process.
Kolenkim is composed of living cells with active protoplasm and has an elongated shape with uneven thickening. Supporting networks function in strengthening plants. The cells are strong, thick and have specialized. This tissue also functions as a protective vescular dam seed.
Characteristics of the Kolenkim Network
Has a thick and strong structure
Can experience specialization
Available on stems, leaves and seeds
The cell is thickening at an angle
Thickening of cellulose
In general, groups form strands or cylinders
Function of the Kolenkim Network
Support and strengthen the shape of plants
Protect carrier files
Strengthen the parenchyma network
4. Sklerenkim Network
The sclerenkim network is a self-reinforcing network of dead cells. Sklerenkim has a strong cell wall, thick and contains lignin. Sklerenkim is divided into two types based on their shape, namely, fibers and sclereid (stone cells).
Fibers or fibers derived from meristem tissue consisting of long cells and clustered to form a webbing or ribbon. For example, banana leaf midrib. Whereas in sclereid (stone cells) is a network of sclerenkim whose cells are rounded with thickening cell walls. For example in the coconut shell or rice seed skin.
Characteristics of the Sklerenkim Network
Thickening in all parts of the cell wall
Thickening in the form of lignin
Dead cells
Generally found in plant organs that no longer experience growth and development
Located in the perisicle, cortex and between the xylem and phloem
Sklerenkim Network Function
As a tool to withstand external pressure
Protect and strengthen the inside of cells
As a supporting tool
5. Carrier Network
Carrier network is a network in charge of transporting substances. This network is divided into two as follows.
a. Xylem
Xylem is a food substance carrier by channeling water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other body parts. Xylem consists of two kinds, among others, as follows ...
Tracheal element, consisting of trachea (tubular cells) and tracheids (long cells with holes in the cell walls)
Xylem fibers, consisting of long cells with tapered ends
Xylem parenchyma, contains substances such as food reserves, tannins and crystals
b. Floem
Phloem is a food carrier from photosynthesis from the leaves throughout the body. Phloem is composed among others as follows ...
Filter hairs, tubular with perforated ends
Companion cells, cylindrical with close plasma
Phloem fibers, long-shaped with a narrow tip and thick walls
Phloem parenchyma, the cell is living, has a primary wall with a small hole called a dot. Phloem parenchyma contains flour, resin or crystals.
6. Cork Network
Cork network is a network composed of cork cells that are elongated in shape. The cork network functions to protect other tissues that are underneath so that it is not too slight, not too much water loss. Cork cells can be found on the outer surface of the stem.
Cork Network Characteristics
Composed of cork parenchyma cells
Is a dead and empty cell
Elongated and cork walled
Various Kinds of Cork Networks
Cork network consists of two types, among others as follows ..
Felme: cork tissue formed by cork cambium outside directed and dead cells
Feloderm: cork tissue formed by cork cambium inwards and living cells resemble parenchyma.
That's the Review Hopefully what is reviewed above is useful for readers. That is all and thank you.