Types of Protein Based on Components
The types of proteins based on their constituent components are divided into 3, among others.
Simple Protein (Simple Protein)
simple protein is a tabf protein from hydrolysis, the total protein is a mixture of various amino acids.
Complex Protein
complex protein is a protein which is the result of total hydrolysis of that type of protein which consists of various kinds of amino acids besides that there are also other components such as metal elements, phosphate groups. etc
Protein Derivatives (Protein derivatives)
protein derivates are proteins that are a bond between (intermediate products) contained in the results of partial hydrolysis derived from native proteins.
Types of Protein Based on Protein Sources
The protein is divided into vegetable protein and animal protein:
Protein is less than perfect
imperfect proteins are proteins whose amino acids are complete but the amounts of some of these amino acids are small. The imperfect protein is unable to fulfill growth, but the imperfect protein can maintain pre-existing tissue.
Imperfect Protein
imperfect proteins are proteins that lack or also do not have essential amino acids. The imperfect protein is not able to fulfill growth and also maintain what has existed before.
Vegetable protein
Vegetable protein is a protein derived from plants or plants.
Animal protein
Vegetable protein is a protein found in animals.
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Protein Function
The function of these proteins in general, protein functions as a body building agent and also the body's protector, metabolic booster and organ supporter in various activities, and there are many functions of protein are as follows:
Can help and also encourage growth and can maintain the composition of the body structure of cells, tissues to the organs of the body.
Protein is a source of carbohydrates.
Can help the body in the fight, destroy and can also neutralize substances from outside or foreign substances that enter the body.
Protein also functions as a supply of energy for the body.
The protein functions as dietary intake as well as being low in sugar.
Can maintain and also maintain the balance of acid base and body fluids because the protein also functions as a buffer.
Can regulate and also carry out the body's metabolism because protein is an enzyme which means proteins that activate and also enter chemical reactions.
The protein also functions as a biocatalyst
Protein is an ingredient in the synthesis of substances that are very important as well as a hormone, enzymes, antibodies and also chromosomes.
Sources of Protein
Cassava is cassava that has been dried in the sun to reduce the antinutrient content. Cassava can be used as an energy source in the ration, but its protein content is low. Use in rations should be less than 20%
Sorghum, palm oil and soybean meal
Soybean meal is a source of protein feed ingredients commonly used in poultry feed formulations. Soybean meal contains high protein and is rich in lysine, but methionine is low. Soybean meal is a by-product of soybean grinding after being extracted oil mechanically (expeller) or chemically (solvent). Soybean meal produced mechanically contains more oil and crude fiber, and less protein content compared to soybean meal produced using hexan solution. This soybean meal supplies nearly 25% of protein in poultry.
The availability of soybean meal in Indonesia does not exist, but is generally imported from several countries such as America and India. The nutritional content of soybean meal varies, depending on the type of processing such as solvent and expeller.
Soybean meal quality is listed, which consists of two qualities, namely quality 1 whose protein is higher than quality 2. The limiting factor of concern is the aflatoxin content which must not exceed 50 ppb.
Fish flour
Fish meal is a source of animal protein which is often used for chicken because it has good quality protein and amino acid sources. Some flour is imported and some is local.
Fish flour imported from America has the names herring meal, white fish meal, and menhaden meal which are distinguished based on the type of fish used. The quality of imported fish meal was measured at density of 674 kg / m cubic.
The use of fish meal in rations> 2% causes fishy odors in eggs and meat. In addition, excessive use causes symptoms of erosin in gizzard, especially young chickens.
Local fish meal has a very varied nutrient content because it comes from nonstandard fish species or from fish processing waste. Before use, it is better to analyze fish meal with crude protein and calcium content. Fish meal derived from fish processing waste (consisting of heads and bones) generally contains higher ash content than whole fish.
The quality of fish flour is controlled by. According to SNI the fish meal used in the free-range chicken ration is free of Salmonella.
Coconut cake
Coconut industry waste that can be used as animal feed is coconut cake. The quality of coconut cake varies depending on the way it is processed and the quality of raw materials. Based on its chemical composition, coconut cake includes a source of protein for livestock, the protein contained therein is 21%. In its use, especially for monogastric, it is necessary to consider the balance of amino acids, because coconut cake lacks the amino acids lysine and histidine. Coconut cake can be used for poultry should not be more than 20%.
Coconut cake is a by-product obtained from the extraction of fresh or dried coconut flesh and can be used as a source of protein. The limitations on the use of coconut cake in rations are caused by low protein digestibility, imbalance of lysine and methionine, and easy rancidity if stored for too long due to high oil content. The quality of coconut flour has been standardized with SNI 01-2904-1992.
Peanut meal
Peanut meal is a by-product of grinding peanut seeds after oil extraction mechanically (expeller) or chemically (solvent). Peanut meal is a source of protein for chicken. Its use in rations is limited because it contains high crude fiber.
Meat and bone flour
Meat and bone flour is a food source of animal protein. The quality varies depending on the amount of bone used. If the bone used to make high MBM, it can be seen from the high ash and mineral content of Ca and P. MBM as a feed source for protein sources has 50% protein content and can contribute quite high Ca in the feed.